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When shopping for a new air conditioning system, you may come across two terms that describe energy efficiency: SEER and EER. Understanding the difference between SEER and EER can help you choose the right air conditioning system for your needs.
SEER stands for Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio, while EER stands for Energy Efficiency Ratio. Both SEER and EER are measurements of an air conditioning system’s cooling efficiency, but they are calculated differently.
SEER is a measurement of the cooling efficiency of an air conditioning system over an entire cooling season. The higher the SEER rating, the more efficient the system is at cooling your home. The SEER rating takes into account the efficiency of the system at various temperatures and humidity levels over the course of the cooling season.
For example, if a system has a SEER rating of 16, it means that it can produce 16 units of cooling for every unit of energy consumed. The higher the SEER rating, the more energy-efficient the system is.
A good SEER rating for a homeowner is one that balances upfront cost with long-term energy savings. In general, higher SEER ratings mean better efficiency and lower electricity bills, but the highest ratings are not always the best value for every home.
Key points:
For most homes, choosing a properly sized and well-installed 16–18 SEER system delivers the best overall value.
EER is a measurement of the cooling efficiency of an air conditioning system at a specific temperature and humidity level. The EER rating is calculated by dividing the cooling capacity of the system (in BTUs per hour) by the power consumption of the system (in watts) at a specific outdoor temperature.
For example, if a system has an EER rating of 12, it means that it can produce 12 units of cooling for every unit of energy consumed at a specific outdoor temperature. The higher the EER rating, the more energy-efficient the system is at that specific temperature.
Minimum good EER rating: At least 6.0, you can save a great deal of money on your AC's running cost with a good EER rating.
Best EER range: Look for EER ratings in the range of 9.4 to 10.7 to get the best performing air conditioner. The energy efficiency rating varies depending on capacity, but this range represents top-tier efficiency.
Higher is better: An air conditioner with a higher EER rating comes with a higher price, but the performance and benefits you enjoy from a quality AC can outweigh the initial cost.
SEER and EER are both important measurements of energy efficiency, but they measure different things. SEER is a measurement of the cooling efficiency of an air conditioning system over an entire cooling season, while EER is a measurement of the cooling efficiency of an air conditioning system at a specific temperature and humidity level.
SEER is the more commonly used measurement for energy efficiency, as it takes into account the efficiency of the system over a range of temperatures and humidity levels. EER is useful for comparing the efficiency of systems at a specific temperature, such as in a hot and dry climate.
When choosing an air conditioning system, it’s important to consider both the SEER and EER ratings. Look for a system with a high SEER rating for overall energy efficiency, and consider the EER rating if you live in a hot and dry climate where the system will be operating at high temperatures for extended periods of time.
In conclusion, SEER and EER are both important measurements of energy efficiency when choosing an air conditioning system. SEER measures the efficiency of the system over an entire cooling season, while EER measures the efficiency of the system at a specific temperature and humidity level. Consider both ratings when choosing a system for your home.
Today's efficiency labels use updated test procedures (SEER2 and EER2) to better reflect real-world use. These updated standards, implemented in 2023, use refined testing methods that include more realistic duct configurations, updated airflow measurements, and improved humidity modeling.
The takeaway for homeowners is simple: Compare like with like (SEER2 to SEER2, EER2 to EER2) and consider your climate, duct condition, and thermostat strategy when estimating savings. SEER2 ratings are typically 4-5% lower than equivalent SEER ratings for the same unit, even though the actual efficiency hasn't changed, it's just a more accurate testing method.
SEER is tested at outdoor temperatures ranging from 65°F to 104°F, not just a single temperature. This cycling through different temperatures simulates real-world seasonal use.
EER is tested at a specific outdoor temperature of 95°F, making it particularly useful for evaluating peak performance during the hottest days.
Hot-Dry Climates (Consistently Above 95°F): If your location regularly experiences temperatures at or above 95°F, you should prioritize EER/EER2 ratings. This helps you judge peak-day performance when your system is working hardest. Duct sealing and attic ventilation can boost comfort regardless of nameplate ratings.
Long Cooling Seasons: For regions with extended cooling periods, higher SEER/SEER2 ratings can significantly lower your annual kWh usage, but only if airflow and refrigerant charge are set correctly during installation. The federal minimum SEER is 14 in most regions—use this as your baseline and aim for 16 or higher for meaningful efficiency gains.
Older Ducts or Limited Returns: If your home has aging ductwork or limited return air pathways, fixing airflow constraints first often delivers the biggest comfort gain per dollar, even before upgrading to a higher-efficiency unit.
BTU ratings are listed on all AC models, but they cannot always be trusted. Sometimes, manufacturers overstate the BTU ratings on ACs to make them appear more powerful and boost sales. Therefore, BTU ratings can't be the only factor considered when choosing the right AC. Look at BTU capacity alongside EER or SEER ratings, Energy Star certification, and independent reviews for a complete picture.
SEER ratings come from laboratory tests under tightly controlled conditions—cycling the unit through a mix of outdoor temperatures and load patterns over a simulated "season." In your home, factors like duct losses, thermostat setbacks, filter cleanliness, and local humidity will affect actual efficiency.
Remember: A 16 SEER unit in the lab may only deliver the equivalent of 13-14 SEER in everyday use. This performance gap underscores why professional installation and regular maintenance are just as important as the nameplate rating.
Compare Annual kWh: Each point of SEER above the federal minimum (14 SEER in most regions) can reduce annual cooling costs by roughly 6-8%. For example, a 16 SEER unit uses about 15% less electricity than a 14 SEER model.
Calculate Payback: If the higher-SEER model costs $500 more but saves $100 per year on your utility bill, you'll recoup the upgrade cost in about five years.
Factor in Climate: In hot climates with long cooling seasons, the savings compound quickly and payback periods are shorter. In milder areas with shorter cooling seasons, the payback period lengthens accordingly. Consider how long you plan to stay in your home when evaluating premium efficiency ratings.
Utility Company Rebates: Many utility companies offer rebates of $100–$500 for units rated 16 SEER or higher, check your local provider's website for current programs and eligibility requirements.
Federal Tax Credits: Federal tax credits for qualifying high-efficiency equipment can reduce your net cost by up to 10% of the purchase price (subject to legislative changes). Verify current availability before making your purchase.
Contractor Assistance: Ask your contractor to handle rebate paperwork—they'll often bundle it into your installation estimate, making the process seamless and ensuring you don't miss out on available savings.
If you're evaluating a heat pump rather than a straight-cool AC, look at the Heating Seasonal Performance Factor (HSPF) too. HSPF measures heating efficiency over a season—higher HSPF (8.0 or above) means lower electric heat pump costs in winter.
Pair a high SEER air-conditioning rating with strong HSPF to get year-round efficiency. This is especially important in regions where you need both heating and cooling throughout the year.
Choosing the right HVAC system to cool your home depends on a number of factors that aren’t all related to the individual merits of each type of system. Both central air conditioning and ductless mini-split systems are effective methods for cooling. Making the best choice for your home depends on your home’s existing configuration and size, plus personal considerations like aesthetics and the desire for individualized control.
When you’re making your choice you’ll be well served by consulting with an licensed HVAC installer. You’ll have questions and you’ll need expert advice on how well your ideas will work in your home. That’s where Team Enoch comes in. Our team of experienced HVAC professionals can answer your questions and help you decide on the right way to go. And remember, estimates are free with Team Enoch, so get started now with your free quote request! We’ll be happy to help you make a smart decision when it’s time to choose a new air conditioning system for your home.
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